Timeline+of+Instability

= = = __ Timeline of Instability __ = Emily, Eric, Keith

 In Afghanistan the main religion as of 1978 is Muslim. 84% were Sunni and 15% were Shi'is, while 1% was any other religion
 * 1839-1842:** First Anglo- Afghan War, Britain takes control. Britain exiles the Amir, Dost Mohammad Khan. Britain elected Shah Shuja as “puppet king”. Afghans kill Shah. Continued to Fight with Britian
 * 1843:** Britain is kicked out of Afghanistan and they become independent.
 * 1844- 1877:** British forces take land surrounding Afghanistan. Territories of Afghanistan such as Baluchistan, Tashkent and Samarkand are taken by Russia
 * 1878:** Start of 2nd Anglo-Afghan war, Britain invades Afghanistan again. More Afghan territories are taken by England
 * 1880:** Britain withdraws from Afghanistan.
 * 1920:** 3rd Anglo- Afghan war begins. For the final time, Britain is defeated and Afghanistan becomes independent.
 * 1947:** Britain withdraws from India. Pakistan is carved out of Indian and Afghan lands.
 * 1954:** US denies to sell Afghanistan weapons
 * 1955:** Afghanistan turns to Russia for military help



**1961:** Pakistan and Afghanistan come close to war over Pashtunistan **1978:** Bloody Coup, mass killings. Civil war begins Afghanistan treaty of friendship with the Soviet Union. **1978-1987: The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan wanted to supress religion. They inforced State Atheism. Religious and traditional laws were replaced with secular and Marxist laws. Men needed to shave their beards and women could not wear burqas. Mosques were not open.** US  supplies Mujahideen forces with missiles to shoot down Russian attackers ** Afghanistan returned Islam to their state religion. 1992: **  Iranian and Pakistani interference in Afghanistan increase which leads to more fighting **Taliban forces strict interpretation of the Sharia (Islamic Law). Public executions and punishments were set in place. Men were required to have beards and activities such as kite-flying were banned. Internet, most television and music were banned. Women were treated horribly. **
 * 1979:** Russians invade Afghanistan (Soviet Intervention). The Prime minister, Hazifullah Amin wanted to rid Afghanistan of it's Muslim traditions and bring in more of a Western culture. Russia suggests that they were invited into Afghanistan by Amin. Amin was shot by the Russians in December of 1979.
 * 1987:** Defeats Russians
 * 1994:** Taliban armed force is created

1996:  Taliban gain control, Afghans accuses Pakistan of helping Taliban.
 * 1998:** Taliban massacres thousands; mostly Hazaras, US shoots missiles to “destroy terrorist training facilities used by Osama bin Laden”.
 * 2001:** Taliban torture and kill more Hazaras. September 11, World Trade Centers- Suicide attack. The United States and UK launched air strikes against the Taliban. Taliban orders that religious minorities wear matches to identify themselves as non-Muslims.
 * 2002-2003:** More attacks by US against Taliban and Al Qaeda.
 * 2004:** Afghanistan is now a republic and adopts new constitution. [[image:taliban.jpg]]
 * 2005: **Reports of prisoner abuse in by American troops
 * 2006:** Anti- US protests in Kabul, Fighting continues between the Taliban and the coalition forces, NATO (north atlantic treaty organization) troops take over
 * 2007:** Fighting Continues
 * 2008:** Bush sends more US more troops
 * 2009:** Second Election, Obama sends more troops
 * 2010:** More fighting,

** African Wars verses Afghani Wars ** European nations competing for land in Africa. Similar to Britain and Russia competing for land in Afghanistan. 1878 Conflict between the British and Zulu nation of South Africa led to Britain controlling territories. Similar to the British taking control in Afghanistan in 1878.

Similar to the **Afghan Civil War** from the book where the Taliban rebel groups take power from the Afghan government.
 * Algerian Civil War** - Algerian government fought with Islamic rebel groups in 1991.
 * Ethiopian Civil War** - a communist military staged a coup, lasted until the government was defeated by a coalition of rebel groups in 1991.
 * Nigerian Civil War** - "Republic of Biafra" attempted a secession from the state due to ethnic, cultural and religious tensions.

Different social classes (Hazaras vs. Pashtuns, Hutus vs. Tutsis in Rwanda) Religion (Sudanese Civil War) Military coups
 * Causes of wars:**

Work Cited: [] [] **Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. (n.d.). ****//Guide to Russia //**
 * [] **

[]http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/zuluwars/ http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/eat/ethiopia/fethiopia1974.htm http://www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/c1900s/yr90/falgeria1992.htm http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/bravo/biafra1967.htm